However, TMAO concentration was no longer an independent predictor for non-CV death after adjustment for disease severity and nutritional status. Compared with those in the highest TMAO tertile, septic patients in the lowest TMAO tertile were at greater risk of non-CV death (hazard ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.21–5.24, p = 0.014). Circulating TMAO levels correlated positively with daily energy intake, the albumin and prealbumin concentration. Septic patients in the lowest TMAO tertile (< 0.4 μmol/L) had poorer nutrition status and were given longer antibiotic courses before ICU admission. Septic patients had significantly lower plasma TMAO levels than did subjects admitted for CAG (1.0 vs. Besides, we also compared the TMAO concentrations of septic patients with 129 non-septic patients who were admitted for elective coronary angiography (CAG). The primary outcome was in-hospital death, which further classified as CV and non-CV death. Septic patients were grouped into tertiles according to TMAO concentration. Blood samples were obtained within 24 h after ICU admission, and plasma TMAO concentrations were determined. Totally 95 septic, mechanically ventilated patients were enrolled. We conducted a single-center prospective study to investigate association of TMAO with in-hospital mortality in septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). But its effect in infectious diseases remains unclear. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbiota-derived metabolite, which is linked to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in cardiovascular (CV) diseases.

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